有沒有神奇武器扭轉戰局的例子?
Was the tide of war ever turned by a wonder weapon?
譯文簡介
歷史似乎有個重復的主題，戰爭失敗的一方試圖通過秘密發明新的、超級武器來扭轉局勢。失敗方錯誤地認為這些新式神奇武器完全可以打敵人一個措手不及、能主導戰場和震懾敵人，讓敵人不得不投降，從而在短時間內取得勝利。
正文翻譯
There seems to be a repeating topos in history, where powers on the loosing side of a war try to turn its tide by inventing new, secret and/or super weapons. The misguided hope seems to be that these new wonder weapons will be enough to totally surprise their enemies, dominate the battlefield and/or shock the enemy into submission – and thus bring by victory in short order.
歷史似乎有個重復的主題，戰爭失敗的一方試圖通過秘密發明新的、超級武器來扭轉局勢。失敗方錯誤地認為這些新式神奇武器完全可以打敵人一個措手不及、能主導戰場和震懾敵人，讓敵人不得不投降，從而在短時間內取得勝利。
Some examples that were (quite) unsuccessful:
下面是一些(相當)不成功的例子:
下面是一些(相當)不成功的例子:
Japan building submarine aircraft carriers towards the end of WW2.
Hitlers ambitious (or rather: illusionary) Wunderwaffen programs, such as the Maus Panzer, Landkreuzer Ratte and many many more…
日本在二戰末期建造了潛艇、航空母艦。
希特勒野心勃勃的(或者更確切地說:幻想的) 奇跡武器，比如重戰車計劃、超重型坦克給還有很多很多……
Hitlers ambitious (or rather: illusionary) Wunderwaffen programs, such as the Maus Panzer, Landkreuzer Ratte and many many more…
日本在二戰末期建造了潛艇、航空母艦。
希特勒野心勃勃的(或者更確切地說:幻想的) 奇跡武器，比如重戰車計劃、超重型坦克給還有很多很多……
評論翻譯
The Paris Guns from WW1
There seem to be examples where the side already winning the war was able to expedite its course by bringing new weapons to the table: a prominent example being the Manhattan Project which culminated in the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, thus essentially ending the war with Japan. But I would disregard this: since the US were already in a clearly favourable position to win the war the atomic bomb was hardly a complete game changer.
Are there examples of wonder weapons which were actually able to turn the tide of a war for the loosing side?
似乎有一些例子表明，已經贏得戰爭的一方能夠通過將新武器擺上談判桌來加快戰爭進程:一個突出的例子是曼哈頓計劃，該計劃以轟炸廣島和長崎而告終，從而根本上結束了對日戰爭。不過我對此不是很贊同:由于美國在這場戰爭中已經處于明顯有利的地位，因此原子彈很難完全改變游戲規則。
有沒有快要輸掉戰爭的一方靠著奇跡武器扭轉戰爭潮流的例子？
There seem to be examples where the side already winning the war was able to expedite its course by bringing new weapons to the table: a prominent example being the Manhattan Project which culminated in the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, thus essentially ending the war with Japan. But I would disregard this: since the US were already in a clearly favourable position to win the war the atomic bomb was hardly a complete game changer.
Are there examples of wonder weapons which were actually able to turn the tide of a war for the loosing side?
似乎有一些例子表明，已經贏得戰爭的一方能夠通過將新武器擺上談判桌來加快戰爭進程:一個突出的例子是曼哈頓計劃，該計劃以轟炸廣島和長崎而告終，從而根本上結束了對日戰爭。不過我對此不是很贊同:由于美國在這場戰爭中已經處于明顯有利的地位，因此原子彈很難完全改變游戲規則。
有沒有快要輸掉戰爭的一方靠著奇跡武器扭轉戰爭潮流的例子？
DevSolar Sep 25 at 8:00
Phalanx, Trireme, Chariot, Longbow, Trebuchet, Musket / Firearms / Artillery, shaped charges, paratroopers, mobile tank units / Blitzkrieg, radar, proximity fuses, Turing bomb, A-bomb, ... -- if a weapon is so effective, it turns into the new standard afterwards. The "wonder" is only attached to the "failed attempts", because they remain a curiosity sidenote of history.
方陣、三層劃槳戰船、二輪戰車、長弓、拋石機、毛瑟槍、火器、大炮、錐孔裝藥、傘兵、機動坦克、閃電戰、雷達、近炸引信、圖靈炸彈、原子彈……如果武器如此有效，以后就會變成新的標準?！捌孥E”都來自“失敗的嘗試”，因為因為失敗的嘗試仍然是歷史的注腳。
Phalanx, Trireme, Chariot, Longbow, Trebuchet, Musket / Firearms / Artillery, shaped charges, paratroopers, mobile tank units / Blitzkrieg, radar, proximity fuses, Turing bomb, A-bomb, ... -- if a weapon is so effective, it turns into the new standard afterwards. The "wonder" is only attached to the "failed attempts", because they remain a curiosity sidenote of history.
方陣、三層劃槳戰船、二輪戰車、長弓、拋石機、毛瑟槍、火器、大炮、錐孔裝藥、傘兵、機動坦克、閃電戰、雷達、近炸引信、圖靈炸彈、原子彈……如果武器如此有效，以后就會變成新的標準?！捌孥E”都來自“失敗的嘗試”，因為因為失敗的嘗試仍然是歷史的注腳。
Schwern
Radar was well known to all the powers in WW2. What could be argued to be a wonder weapon is its miniaturization and improved accuracy which to allowed it to be put on small warships, aircraft, and even shells. This was a large advantage to US night fighting and air defense in the Pacific, and in the Battle of the Atlantic hunting U-Boats, and greatly improved the effect of Allied artillery. During the Battle of Britain I would argue the Dowding system was more decisive than their radar.
雷達在二戰中為所有大國所熟知。被認為是一種神奇武器的是它的小型化和精度的提高，這使得它可以被安裝在小型戰艦、飛機甚至炮彈上。這對美國在太平洋的夜戰和防空，以及在大西洋的u型潛艇搜尋戰中都是一個巨大的優勢，并且大大提高了盟軍炮兵的效果。在不列顛戰役中，我認為探測系統比雷達更具決定性。
Radar was well known to all the powers in WW2. What could be argued to be a wonder weapon is its miniaturization and improved accuracy which to allowed it to be put on small warships, aircraft, and even shells. This was a large advantage to US night fighting and air defense in the Pacific, and in the Battle of the Atlantic hunting U-Boats, and greatly improved the effect of Allied artillery. During the Battle of Britain I would argue the Dowding system was more decisive than their radar.
雷達在二戰中為所有大國所熟知。被認為是一種神奇武器的是它的小型化和精度的提高，這使得它可以被安裝在小型戰艦、飛機甚至炮彈上。這對美國在太平洋的夜戰和防空，以及在大西洋的u型潛艇搜尋戰中都是一個巨大的優勢，并且大大提高了盟軍炮兵的效果。在不列顛戰役中，我認為探測系統比雷達更具決定性。
Schwern
The conclusion I came to when writing up my answer regarding the Gulf War is that "wonder weapons" on their own don't win wars, and if used that way they are ineffective. Instead, they must be used as force multipliers for conventional forces. Radar was a force multiplier for an excellent air defense system, but without the Dowding system radar would have been ineffective. The Germans squandered all sorts of wonder weapons because they were used alone as war winning wonder weapons, not integrated force-multipliers.
在寫下海灣戰爭的答案，我得出的結論是，“神奇武器”本身并不能贏得戰爭，如果那樣使用那就沒有任何效果。相反，神奇武器必須被用作常規部隊的實力加倍器。雷達是優秀的防空系統的實力加倍器，但沒有“道丁系統”，雷達就沒有什么用。德國人浪費了各種各樣的神奇武器，因為德國人只把這些武器用作戰爭勝利的神奇武器，而不是綜合的實力加倍器。
The conclusion I came to when writing up my answer regarding the Gulf War is that "wonder weapons" on their own don't win wars, and if used that way they are ineffective. Instead, they must be used as force multipliers for conventional forces. Radar was a force multiplier for an excellent air defense system, but without the Dowding system radar would have been ineffective. The Germans squandered all sorts of wonder weapons because they were used alone as war winning wonder weapons, not integrated force-multipliers.
在寫下海灣戰爭的答案，我得出的結論是，“神奇武器”本身并不能贏得戰爭，如果那樣使用那就沒有任何效果。相反，神奇武器必須被用作常規部隊的實力加倍器。雷達是優秀的防空系統的實力加倍器，但沒有“道丁系統”，雷達就沒有什么用。德國人浪費了各種各樣的神奇武器，因為德國人只把這些武器用作戰爭勝利的神奇武器，而不是綜合的實力加倍器。
Schwern
@ItalianPhilosophers4Monica Military Aviation History has an analysis of "Just Destroy The Radar" and concludes the Germans were well aware of Chain Home, but the technical information was not turned into operational information. They were not aware of the Dowding System. Knocking out radar stations would have required a large effort, a conventional bomb blast won't affect a wire and cable tower without a difficult direct hit, drawing resources away from other efforts.
《軍事航空史》對“摧毀雷達”進行了分析，得出的結論是，德國人對海岸警戒雷達很清楚，但技術信息沒有轉化為作戰信息。他們不知道道丁系統。摧毀雷達站需要很大精力，除非受到嚴重的直接打擊，負責常規炸彈爆炸不會影響雷達的電線和電纜塔，這會占用其他作戰資源。
@ItalianPhilosophers4Monica Military Aviation History has an analysis of "Just Destroy The Radar" and concludes the Germans were well aware of Chain Home, but the technical information was not turned into operational information. They were not aware of the Dowding System. Knocking out radar stations would have required a large effort, a conventional bomb blast won't affect a wire and cable tower without a difficult direct hit, drawing resources away from other efforts.
《軍事航空史》對“摧毀雷達”進行了分析，得出的結論是，德國人對海岸警戒雷達很清楚，但技術信息沒有轉化為作戰信息。他們不知道道丁系統。摧毀雷達站需要很大精力，除非受到嚴重的直接打擊，負責常規炸彈爆炸不會影響雷達的電線和電纜塔，這會占用其他作戰資源。
Jos
What exactly is a miracle weapon? My definition would be: something that all of a sudden changes the outcome of a conflict and decides a war.
Hannibal used clay pots filled with snakes to be thrown on the decks of enemy vessels. That's not a miracle weapon because it decided the outcome of a battle, but not the war.
神奇武器到底是什么?我的定義是:突然改變沖突結果并決定戰爭結果的東西。
漢尼拔把裝滿蛇的陶罐扔到敵船的甲板上。那不是神奇武器，因為這只決定了一場戰斗的結果，而不是整場戰爭的結果。
What exactly is a miracle weapon? My definition would be: something that all of a sudden changes the outcome of a conflict and decides a war.
Hannibal used clay pots filled with snakes to be thrown on the decks of enemy vessels. That's not a miracle weapon because it decided the outcome of a battle, but not the war.
神奇武器到底是什么?我的定義是:突然改變沖突結果并決定戰爭結果的東西。
漢尼拔把裝滿蛇的陶罐扔到敵船的甲板上。那不是神奇武器，因為這只決定了一場戰斗的結果，而不是整場戰爭的結果。
I see artillery not as a miracle weapon per se, because the technology was well known at the time.
我認為火炮本身并不是神奇武器，因為這種技術在當時眾所周知。
我認為火炮本身并不是神奇武器，因為這種技術在當時眾所周知。
The artillery used in my example was such a miracle weapon. It was several times bigger than any existing piece of artillery and with a much longer range. It required new casting techniques that were unknown before. And it did decide the outcome of the war: the fall of Constantinopel and with it the Byzantine Empire. (Though it lingered on in a remote corner of Greece for a while.)
我舉例的火炮就是神奇武器。因為我說的火炮比現有的任何火炮都要大好幾倍，射程也遠得多。鑄造這種火炮需要之前不知道的新鑄造技術。而且這種火炮能決定戰爭走向：君士坦丁寶的覆滅以及拜占庭帝國的覆滅。(盡管在希臘的偏遠角落徘徊了一段時間。)
我舉例的火炮就是神奇武器。因為我說的火炮比現有的任何火炮都要大好幾倍，射程也遠得多。鑄造這種火炮需要之前不知道的新鑄造技術。而且這種火炮能決定戰爭走向：君士坦丁寶的覆滅以及拜占庭帝國的覆滅。(盡管在希臘的偏遠角落徘徊了一段時間。)
1- Greek Fire The Byzantines were not doing well against muslim invaders. Greek fire changed that almost overnight.
2- Artillery Exactly the reverse happened to the Byzantine Empire when Ottoman besiegers used the - then - biggest guns in the world to batter the walls.
1. 希臘火：拜占庭人在對抗穆斯林入侵時表現不佳。有了希臘之火之后，幾乎一夜之間就改變了局勢。
2. 火炮：拜占庭帝國的情況正好相反，奧斯曼帝國的圍攻者使用了當時世界上最大的大炮摧毀了拜占庭帝國的城墻。
2- Artillery Exactly the reverse happened to the Byzantine Empire when Ottoman besiegers used the - then - biggest guns in the world to batter the walls.
1. 希臘火：拜占庭人在對抗穆斯林入侵時表現不佳。有了希臘之火之后，幾乎一夜之間就改變了局勢。
2. 火炮：拜占庭帝國的情況正好相反，奧斯曼帝國的圍攻者使用了當時世界上最大的大炮摧毀了拜占庭帝國的城墻。
I did read that in both cases the inventors offered their invention first to the opposition, who declined to buy it. Then they went to the other party, who were more than happy to shell out the money and won the war. However, I can't find it back.
這兩種情況我都讀到過，發明者先是把自己的發明提供給打仗的一方，如果其中一方拒絕購買。這些發明者就把自己的發明推薦給另一方，誰愿意利索地付錢，誰就能贏得戰爭。不過我不知道在哪看的了。
這兩種情況我都讀到過，發明者先是把自己的發明提供給打仗的一方，如果其中一方拒絕購買。這些發明者就把自己的發明推薦給另一方，誰愿意利索地付錢，誰就能贏得戰爭。不過我不知道在哪看的了。
Going into this war, Rome was a land power, Carthage a sea power. Despite that, Rome won several big naval battles by being better at boarding enemy ships. So, really what you have is that Rome should have lost, but then won.
第一次布匿戰爭中，羅馬是陸地強國，而迦太基是海上強國。盡管如此，羅馬在幾場大型海戰中都是靠登船取勝的。所以，羅馬可是說是反敗為勝。
第一次布匿戰爭中，羅馬是陸地強國，而迦太基是海上強國。盡管如此，羅馬在幾場大型海戰中都是靠登船取勝的。所以，羅馬可是說是反敗為勝。
Apparently the corvus fell into disuse soon afterwards, possibly because it destabilized Roman ships. But at first use it transformed what should have been easy Carthaginian naval wins into a series of losses and laid the ground for Rome's win of the 1st Punic War.
很明顯，烏鴉吊橋后來很快就被廢棄了，可能是因為破壞了羅馬船只的穩定。但一開始使用烏鴉吊橋，迦太基海軍本應輕松取勝的戰爭卻遭受了一系列損失，為羅馬第一次布匿戰爭的勝利奠定了基礎。
很明顯，烏鴉吊橋后來很快就被廢棄了，可能是因為破壞了羅馬船只的穩定。但一開始使用烏鴉吊橋，迦太基海軍本應輕松取勝的戰爭卻遭受了一系列損失，為羅馬第一次布匿戰爭的勝利奠定了基礎。
Schwern
...these new wonder weapons will be enough to totally surprise their enemies, dominate the battlefield and/or shock the enemy into submission – and thus bring by victory in short order.
這些新神奇武器足以打敵人一個措手不及，掌控戰場和震懾敵人-從而在短時間內帶來勝利。
...these new wonder weapons will be enough to totally surprise their enemies, dominate the battlefield and/or shock the enemy into submission – and thus bring by victory in short order.
這些新神奇武器足以打敵人一個措手不及，掌控戰場和震懾敵人-從而在短時間內帶來勝利。
"Wonder weapons" turned the First Gulf War from a meat-grinder into a walk-over. It was the culmination of decades of technological advancement in warfare which had yet to be tested in combat. Strategic use of stealth aircraft, smart weapons, cruise missiles, and night attack allowed the Allies to decapitate the Iraqi command and control system. And GPS allowed the Allies armies to bypass the heaviest ground defenses.
“神奇武器”將第一次海灣戰爭從絞肉機變成了一場無足輕重的戰爭。這是幾十年來戰爭技術進步的頂點，而這些技術進步還有待于在戰斗中檢驗。對隱形飛機、智能武器、巡航導彈和夜間攻擊的戰略使用，使盟軍能夠徹底摧毀伊拉克的指揮控制系統。GPS讓盟軍繞過了最沉重的地面防御。
“神奇武器”將第一次海灣戰爭從絞肉機變成了一場無足輕重的戰爭。這是幾十年來戰爭技術進步的頂點，而這些技術進步還有待于在戰斗中檢驗。對隱形飛機、智能武器、巡航導彈和夜間攻擊的戰略使用，使盟軍能夠徹底摧毀伊拉克的指揮控制系統。GPS讓盟軍繞過了最沉重的地面防御。
Though the initial claims were overstated, the result was still impressive. I would argue the real value of a "wonder weapon" is not to win a war, but as an unexpected force multiplier for conventional forces.
盡管最初的說法有些夸張，但結果仍然令人印象深刻。我認為“神奇武器”的真正價值不是贏得一場戰爭，而是令人意想不到的常規力量的倍增器。
盡管最初的說法有些夸張，但結果仍然令人印象深刻。我認為“神奇武器”的真正價值不是贏得一場戰爭，而是令人意想不到的常規力量的倍增器。
Given the historical outcome of the First Gulf War, it's easy to forget it was expected to be a meat-grinder. While Iraq had no hope of winning militarily, they could politically sustain great casualties while the Allies could not. It was possible Iraq could bog the Allies down and inflict a politically untenable number of casualties and force a negotiated peace.
考慮到第一次海灣戰爭的結果，人們很容易忘記海灣戰爭曾被認為是絞肉機。雖然伊拉克沒有希望在軍事上取勝，但他們可以在政治上承受巨大的傷亡，而聯盟軍隊則不能。伊拉克有可能使聯盟軍隊陷入困境，在政治上帶來難以維持的傷亡人數，并迫使聯盟軍隊通過談判達成和平。
考慮到第一次海灣戰爭的結果，人們很容易忘記海灣戰爭曾被認為是絞肉機。雖然伊拉克沒有希望在軍事上取勝，但他們可以在政治上承受巨大的傷亡，而聯盟軍隊則不能。伊拉克有可能使聯盟軍隊陷入困境，在政治上帶來難以維持的傷亡人數，并迫使聯盟軍隊通過談判達成和平。
The Allies faced a modern, centralized air defense system, and a large, dug-in, battle-hardened army using modern Soviet equipment. Allied equipment and organization was largely untested. Yet the land-battle took just four days with scant Allied casualties.
聯盟軍隊面對的是現代化的中央防空系統，以及一支使用現代蘇聯裝備、久經沙場的龐大軍隊。盟軍的裝備和組織大多未經檢驗。然而，這場陸地戰斗只持續了四天，聯盟軍隊傷亡很少。
聯盟軍隊面對的是現代化的中央防空系統，以及一支使用現代蘇聯裝備、久經沙場的龐大軍隊。盟軍的裝備和組織大多未經檢驗。然而，這場陸地戰斗只持續了四天，聯盟軍隊傷亡很少。
The F-117 stealth attack aircraft, helped by strategic destruction of key radar facilities and jamming of others, allowed the Allies to penetrate into the heart of Iraq's centralized command system unscathed. The F-117 was not the sleek, high performance stealth aircraft we know today; it sacrificed everything to make its stealth work. Precision guided munitions allowed these few small, low performance aircraft to decapitate Iraq's command and control system in the heart of Baghdad on the first night; a feat otherwise not impossible, but would have taken unacceptable casualties.
駕駛F-117隱形攻擊機借助雷達設施的戰略摧毀，并對其他設施進行干擾的情況下，聯盟軍可以毫發無損地侵入伊拉克中央指揮系統的核心。F-117并不是我們今天所熟知的井然有序、高性能的隱形飛機;這款戰斗機為了隱形，幾乎犧牲了所有其他功能。精確制導彈藥使這款小型、性能低下的飛機在第一天晚上就摧毀了位于巴格達中心的伊拉克指揮和控制系統;這不是不可能的壯舉，但是卻給伊拉克帶來了無法接受的傷亡。
駕駛F-117隱形攻擊機借助雷達設施的戰略摧毀，并對其他設施進行干擾的情況下，聯盟軍可以毫發無損地侵入伊拉克中央指揮系統的核心。F-117并不是我們今天所熟知的井然有序、高性能的隱形飛機;這款戰斗機為了隱形，幾乎犧牲了所有其他功能。精確制導彈藥使這款小型、性能低下的飛機在第一天晚上就摧毀了位于巴格達中心的伊拉克指揮和控制系統;這不是不可能的壯舉，但是卻給伊拉克帶來了無法接受的傷亡。
The role and effectiveness of the F-117 during the Gulf War has been overstated. "Smart bombs" were not as accurate as intended. It could be detected on radar, but was difficult to target, thus requiring supplemental SEAD and electronic warfare escort. Conventional night attack aircraft did operate over Baghdad. Simultaneous strikes by air and sea launched cruise missiles added to the destruction and confusion. All this culminated into the early destruction or suppression of targets vital to running an army: government buildings, TV stations, airfields, presidential palaces, military installations, communication lines, supply bases, oil refineries, electric powerplants and factories.
F-117在海灣戰爭中的作用和效力被夸大了?！爸悄苷◤棥睕]有預期的那么精確?？梢员焕走_探測，但是很難瞄準，因此需要對敵防空壓制和電子戰護航進行補充。常規的夜間戰斗機確實在巴格達上空執行任務?？罩泻秃Ｉ贤瑫r發射的巡航導彈給伊拉克造成了巨大破壞，造成混亂。所有這些都給軍隊行動至關重要的目標造成了前期破壞，或者壓制:政府大樓、電視臺、機場、總統府、軍事設施、通信線路、供應基地、煉油廠、發電廠和工廠。
F-117在海灣戰爭中的作用和效力被夸大了?！爸悄苷◤棥睕]有預期的那么精確?？梢员焕走_探測，但是很難瞄準，因此需要對敵防空壓制和電子戰護航進行補充。常規的夜間戰斗機確實在巴格達上空執行任務?？罩泻秃Ｉ贤瑫r發射的巡航導彈給伊拉克造成了巨大破壞，造成混亂。所有這些都給軍隊行動至關重要的目標造成了前期破壞，或者壓制:政府大樓、電視臺、機場、總統府、軍事設施、通信線路、供應基地、煉油廠、發電廠和工廠。
The Allies did in a night what should have taken weeks of conventional rolling back of Iraq's air defenses, and wonder weapons were a key part of the plan. The Iraqis were prepared for a conventional battle and were unprepared for this, though they could have been better prepared for something like it. Their highly centralized military was left uncoordinated, overwhelmed, and sluggish to react. This left Iraq open to a month of air strikes with near impunity.
盟軍在一夜之間完成了常規本應花費數周的時間打垮了伊拉克的防空系統，而神奇武器是該計劃的關鍵部分。伊拉克人準備了一場常規的戰斗，而這種戰斗卻打了他們一個措手不及，原本他們有機會對類似的戰斗做更好的準備。高度集中的軍隊缺乏協調，不堪重負，反應遲緩。這使得伊拉克面臨長達一個月的空襲卻毫無還手之力。
盟軍在一夜之間完成了常規本應花費數周的時間打垮了伊拉克的防空系統，而神奇武器是該計劃的關鍵部分。伊拉克人準備了一場常規的戰斗，而這種戰斗卻打了他們一個措手不及，原本他們有機會對類似的戰斗做更好的準備。高度集中的軍隊缺乏協調，不堪重負，反應遲緩。這使得伊拉克面臨長達一個月的空襲卻毫無還手之力。
Even after a month of sitting in the desert being bombed, the Iraqi army still had to be dealt with. They had six months to dig in, and air power can only do so much. While the quality of the units on the front line was questionable, dug in they could potentially do a lot of damage, and they were backed up by mobile, experienced armored reserves.
即使在沙漠中被轟炸了一個月，可是聯盟軍隊還是得直面伊拉克軍隊。他們有6個月的時間來掘壕固守，而空軍做到這樣也算是竭盡所能了。雖然前線部隊的質量值得懷疑，掘壕固守可能會造成很大的破壞，而且他們有機動的、經驗豐富的裝甲后備部隊作后盾。
即使在沙漠中被轟炸了一個月，可是聯盟軍隊還是得直面伊拉克軍隊。他們有6個月的時間來掘壕固守，而空軍做到這樣也算是竭盡所能了。雖然前線部隊的質量值得懷疑，掘壕固守可能會造成很大的破壞，而且他們有機動的、經驗豐富的裝甲后備部隊作后盾。
Iraqi defenses along the Kuwait/Saudi border stretched from the sea to what the Iraqis considered impassible desert. With no roads or navigation aids, a conventional army could not operate in this area, so the Iraqis did not bother to defend it strongly. The Allies used their next wonder weapon: GPS. For the first time an army could know for sure where it was. This seems like a small thing, but a great many battles could have been won had their units not gotten lost.
伊拉克在科威特和沙特邊境的防線從大海一直延伸到伊拉克人認為不可逾越的沙漠。由于沒有道路和導航設備，傳統的軍隊無法在這一地區作戰，所以伊拉克人也不愿勞神費心去固守防線。盟軍使用了另一個神奇武器:GPS。這是第一次軍隊可以確切地自己所處的位置。這看起來是一件小事，但是如果部隊沒有迷路的話，很多戰役都可以打贏。
伊拉克在科威特和沙特邊境的防線從大海一直延伸到伊拉克人認為不可逾越的沙漠。由于沒有道路和導航設備，傳統的軍隊無法在這一地區作戰，所以伊拉克人也不愿勞神費心去固守防線。盟軍使用了另一個神奇武器:GPS。這是第一次軍隊可以確切地自己所處的位置。這看起來是一件小事，但是如果部隊沒有迷路的話，很多戰役都可以打贏。
While the Allies feigned an amphibious landing on the right to outflank the Iraqi defenses, they sent two corps sweeping left into the formerly impassible desert, now navigable thanks to GPS. Additional large raiding parties were sent in by helicopter to harass the retreating enemy, again aided by GPS. On the first night they had cut vital supply lines and surprised enemy units. The Iraqi Republican Guard contained the units of most concern to the Allies, and this "left-hook" allowed them to surprise them with a flank attack the Iraqis thought secure.
當聯盟軍假裝在右側進行兩棲登陸以包抄伊軍防線時，同時派出兩支部隊向左側橫掃過去無法進入的沙漠，由于全球定位系統(GPS)的存在，沙漠里也可以通行。另外的大型突襲部隊被直升機派去騷擾撤退的敵人，同樣也有GPS的輔助。第一天晚上，他們就切斷了伊拉克重要的補給線，并對敵人進行了突襲。聯盟軍最關心的部隊在伊拉克共和國衛隊中，這種“左勾拳”讓伊拉克人大吃一驚，在伊拉克人認為安全的側翼進行突襲。
當聯盟軍假裝在右側進行兩棲登陸以包抄伊軍防線時，同時派出兩支部隊向左側橫掃過去無法進入的沙漠，由于全球定位系統(GPS)的存在，沙漠里也可以通行。另外的大型突襲部隊被直升機派去騷擾撤退的敵人，同樣也有GPS的輔助。第一天晚上，他們就切斷了伊拉克重要的補給線，并對敵人進行了突襲。聯盟軍最關心的部隊在伊拉克共和國衛隊中，這種“左勾拳”讓伊拉克人大吃一驚，在伊拉克人認為安全的側翼進行突襲。
As with the air war, more conventional attacks also proved successful; more successful than was planned for. This became a problem for the Allies. The "left-hook" was supposed to surround and cut off the Iraqi army, but the conventional attacks from the south by the (not amphibious) US Marines and Joint forces were driving the Iraqi army north faster than anticipated allowing more to escape than they would have liked.
與空戰一樣，常規攻擊也很成功;比原計劃的還要成功。這成了聯盟軍的問題?！白筱^拳”本應包圍并切斷伊拉克軍隊，但來自南方(非兩棲)的美國海軍陸戰隊和聯合部隊的常規進攻使伊拉克軍隊北遷的速度超出預期，這要導致更多人得以逃脫。
與空戰一樣，常規攻擊也很成功;比原計劃的還要成功。這成了聯盟軍的問題?！白筱^拳”本應包圍并切斷伊拉克軍隊，但來自南方(非兩棲)的美國海軍陸戰隊和聯合部隊的常規進攻使伊拉克軍隊北遷的速度超出預期，這要導致更多人得以逃脫。
At the time, stealth, smart bombs, cruise missiles, and GPS were considered wonder weapons that won the Gulf War. Later analysis showed while they were very effective, they were not as effective as believed, and conventional attacks were more effective than anticipated. While wonder weapons did not win the Gulf War, they allowed the Allies to implement an unconventional plan which resulted in scant Allied casualties and a very decisive, quick victory.
當時，隱形、智能炸彈、巡航導彈和GPS被認為是贏得海灣戰爭的神奇武器。后來的分析表明，雖然這些武器大顯身手，但效果卻并不像人們認為的那樣，而常規攻擊比預期的更有效。雖然“奇跡武器”沒有贏得海灣戰爭，但這些武器幫助聯盟軍實施了非常規的計劃，導致盟軍傷亡很少，但卻取得了決定性的、迅速的勝利。
當時，隱形、智能炸彈、巡航導彈和GPS被認為是贏得海灣戰爭的神奇武器。后來的分析表明，雖然這些武器大顯身手，但效果卻并不像人們認為的那樣，而常規攻擊比預期的更有效。雖然“奇跡武器”沒有贏得海灣戰爭，但這些武器幫助聯盟軍實施了非常規的計劃，導致盟軍傷亡很少，但卻取得了決定性的、迅速的勝利。
And I think this is the story with wonder weapons through history. They rarely live up to their promises. They're often boondoggles which waste more resources. They require years and years of development to mature, and more to be understood how best to use them. Every wonder weapon of the Gulf War had been available for years: stealth in 1977, GPS in 1978 with precision munitions in WW2 and effective cruise missiles just after (no, don't count the wildly inaccurate V-1). Yet it took until 1991 for it to all come together, not as a war-winning weapon, but as a force-multiplier.
我想這就是歷史上神奇武器的故事。他們很少兌現承諾，往往是浪費更多資源的無用之物。這些武器需要多年的發展才能成熟，需要更多時間才能明白如何最好地使用。即便是海灣戰爭中的神奇武器也已經存在好多年了：1977年就有了隱形戰機，1978年就有了GPS，精密制導炮彈二戰的時候就有了，之后就出現了巡航導彈(不，不包括非常不準確的V-1)。然而，直到1991年，才被整合到一起，不是作為決定戰爭勝負的武器，而是一種武力倍增的武器。
我想這就是歷史上神奇武器的故事。他們很少兌現承諾，往往是浪費更多資源的無用之物。這些武器需要多年的發展才能成熟，需要更多時間才能明白如何最好地使用。即便是海灣戰爭中的神奇武器也已經存在好多年了：1977年就有了隱形戰機，1978年就有了GPS，精密制導炮彈二戰的時候就有了，之后就出現了巡航導彈(不，不包括非常不準確的V-1)。然而，直到1991年，才被整合到一起，不是作為決定戰爭勝負的武器，而是一種武力倍增的武器。
Pieter Geerkens
Greased buttocks at Salamis.
You laugh - but shouldn't. Many historians have long believed that the Greeks greased their buttocks as trireme rowers, allowing them much of the advantage of a modern rowing seat albeit at the expense of painful hemorrhoids later. This allowed the Greeks vessels to attain both a significantly faster ramming speed, and to faster battlefield deployment, ensuring victory.
薩拉米斯海戰的時候給士兵們屁股上抹油。
你笑了，不要笑。長期以來，許多歷史學家一直認為，希臘人為有三列槳座的戰船的槳手屁股上抹油，這讓他們在現代賽艇上占據了很大優勢，盡管代價是疼痛的痔瘡。這使得希臘的船只獲得了明顯更快的撞擊速度和更快的戰場部署，確保了勝利。
Greased buttocks at Salamis.
You laugh - but shouldn't. Many historians have long believed that the Greeks greased their buttocks as trireme rowers, allowing them much of the advantage of a modern rowing seat albeit at the expense of painful hemorrhoids later. This allowed the Greeks vessels to attain both a significantly faster ramming speed, and to faster battlefield deployment, ensuring victory.
薩拉米斯海戰的時候給士兵們屁股上抹油。
你笑了，不要笑。長期以來，許多歷史學家一直認為，希臘人為有三列槳座的戰船的槳手屁股上抹油，這讓他們在現代賽艇上占據了很大優勢，盡管代價是疼痛的痔瘡。這使得希臘的船只獲得了明顯更快的撞擊速度和更快的戰場部署，確保了勝利。
The Roman Legion
The organization, training, and weaponry of the Roman legion was widely imitated, but never with significant success. From the First Punic War to the early years of the Empire, the Roman ability to field legions that could defeat every other nation around the Mediterranean, even when outnumbered, was the rock upon which the SPQR was founded.
羅馬軍團的組織、訓練和武器被廣泛模仿，但從未取得重大成功。從第一次布匿戰爭到帝國早期，羅馬人派遣的軍團能夠擊敗地中海周圍的每一個國家，即使在兵力不足的情況下，這是羅馬帝國建立的基石。
The organization, training, and weaponry of the Roman legion was widely imitated, but never with significant success. From the First Punic War to the early years of the Empire, the Roman ability to field legions that could defeat every other nation around the Mediterranean, even when outnumbered, was the rock upon which the SPQR was founded.
羅馬軍團的組織、訓練和武器被廣泛模仿，但從未取得重大成功。從第一次布匿戰爭到帝國早期，羅馬人派遣的軍團能夠擊敗地中海周圍的每一個國家，即使在兵力不足的情況下，這是羅馬帝國建立的基石。
Jos
A Roman legion is not a wonder weapon. You of all people should know that.
羅馬軍團不是神奇的武器。你和你們的人都應該知道。
A Roman legion is not a wonder weapon. You of all people should know that.
羅馬軍團不是神奇的武器。你和你們的人都應該知道。
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